https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/30937/famous-novelists-symbolism-their-work-and-whether-it-was-intentional

begins:

It was 1963, and 16-year-old Bruce McAllister was sick of symbol-hunting in
English class. Rather than quarrel with his teacher, he went straight to
the source: McAllister mailed a crude, four-question survey to 150 novelists
<https://www.mentalfloss.com/section/literature>, asking if they
intentionally planted symbolism in their work. Seventy-five authors
responded. Here’s what 12 of them had to say. (The original responses were
published
<http://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2011/12/05/document-the-symbolism-survey/>
 in *The Paris Review*.)

In case you were wondering, McAllister eventually became an English
professor.

*(...continues...)*

*Link from above:*


https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2011/12/05/document-the-symbolism-survey/

*which carefully divides:*

"In 1963, a sixteen-year-old San Diego high school student named Bruce
McAllister sent a four-question mimeographed survey to 150 well-known
authors of literary, commercial, and science fiction."

*fwd tm*

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